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 居家過敏環境處理 |
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居家過敏環境處理
常見的過敏症有氣喘、過敏性鼻炎、結膜炎、異位性皮膚炎等。
根據國民健康署106年國民健康訪問調查(NHIS)，未滿12歲兒童，氣喘盛行率為5.6%，引發氣喘之過敏原及刺激物前五名為：
1.病毒感染 (56.7％)
2.塵蟎(44.5%)
3.氣溫急遽變化(42.7％)
4.空氣汙染(24.6%)
5.冰冷食物(21.6%)
治療過敏症不只是靠藥物的作用，環境的控制絕對是非常重要的一環，必須相輔相成才能有效的控制症狀。
據統計, 在台灣，氣喘及過敏性鼻炎的幼兒 90 % 以上對家塵過敏。
如何減少過敏原刺激的機會，避免氣喘及過敏性鼻炎發作。
• 由於塵蟎為一般家庭最常見的過敏原，且塵蟎常生長於枕頭、棉被、床墊、絨毛玩具中，為預防及控制氣喘：
定期清潔居家環境，每一至兩週用熱水清洗寢具並曝曬於陽光底下。
每隔一至二週可用約60ﾟC的熱水清洗床單、枕頭套。若無法使用60ﾟC的熱水清洗，洗後至少用烘乾機烘乾二十分鐘或是在陽光下晾乾亦可達到殺死塵蟎的目的。
不堆放絨毛玩具或擺放地毯，防範塵蟎的生長。
• 家具不要使用毛毯、地毯、彈簧床、榻榻米、布製的窗簾。
• 廚房、家具、牆壁經常擦拭洗滌以減少蟑螂生存的條件。
• 保持良好的室內通風及使用空氣清淨機。
• 將室內的濕度控制在相對濕度50 %至60 %之間, 空調、吸塵器及空氣清淨機的濾網要經常清洗。
• 避免接觸刺激性之氣昧 如，二手菸、殺蟲劑、髮膠、汽油味或油漆味等。
• 外出戴口罩
Environmental control for home allergies
Common allergic conditions include asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis.
According to the 106th National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the National Health Service, the prevalence rate of asthma among children under the age of 12 is 5.6%. The top five allergens and irritants that cause asthma are:
1. Viral infection (56.7%)
2. Dust mites (44.5%)
3. Rapid temperature changes (42.7%)
4. Air pollution (24.6%)
5. Cold food (21.6%)
Treating allergies does not just rely on the effects of drugs. Environmental control is definitely a very important part. They must complement each other to effectively control symptoms.
According to statistics, in Taiwan, more than 90% of children with asthma and allergic rhinitis are allergic to household dust.
How to reduce the chance of allergen irritation and avoid asthma and allergic rhinitis attacks.
• Since dust mites are the most common allergen in general households, and dust mites often grow in pillows, quilts, mattresses, and stuffed toys, to prevent and control asthma:
Clean your home environment regularly, wash bedding with hot water and expose it to sunlight every one to two weeks.
Every one to two weeks, sheets and pillowcases should be washed with hot water at about 60ﾟC. If you cannot use 60ﾟC hot water to wash, you can kill dust mites by drying it in a dryer for at least 20 minutes or drying it in the sun.
Do not stack stuffed toys or use carpets to prevent the growth of dust mites.
• Do not use blankets, carpets, spring beds, tatami mats, or cloth curtains for furniture, may use for bedding and wash as above.
• Frequently wipe and wash kitchens, furniture, and walls to reduce the conditions for cockroaches to survive.
• Maintain good indoor ventilation and use an air filter.
• Control indoor humidity between 50% and 60% relative humidity
• Avoid contact with irritating odors such as second-hand smoke, pesticides, hair spray, gasoline or paint smells.
• Wear a mask when going out
更新日期:2024/02/19 公告單位:醫療行政室 |
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